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SS ''Northerner'' was the first paddle steamer lost in operations by the Pacific Mail Steamship Company. ==History== ''Northerner'' was built in 1847 by William H. Brown, of New York City, as a companion to the SS ''Southerner'' for the Spofford & Tileston Company's line of steamers serving Charleston, South Carolina and the East Coast of the United States.〔 In 1850, ''Northerner'' was sold to a Mr. Howard and sent to the Pacific under Captain Waterman. Subsequently purchased by the Pacific Mail Steamship Company she was initially placed in service between San Francisco and Panama. In January, 1851, ''Northerner'' arrived from San Francisco with $2,600,000 in gold dust and treasure on board, and carrying 500 passengers. In August, 1851 ''Northerner'' broke the shaft of her starboard wheel soon after leaving Panama. She completed the voyage to San Francisco using only one paddle wheel, in 22 days, arriving September 8, 1851, with 20 tons of freight and 350 passengers, including mutineers from the Commodore Stockton who had to be clapped in irons for disorderly conduct by the captain. After 1853, the ''Northerner'' was placed on a more northerly route, carrying mails and passengers between San Francisco and Oregon as far as the Columbia River and the gold fields at Fraser River, arriving for the first time on September 3, 1858. On October 10, 1858, southbound from Olympia to San Francisco, ''Northerner'' was hit broadside by the Steam Tug Resolute in Dana's Straights. Since thousands of dollars of damage was done to both vessels,〔 *〕 and it was a clear night in a mile-wide passage, the ship owners filed cross-suits in the Washington Territorial Courts. The owners of the Resolute were unsatisfied with the Washington's court decision, and filed their case in the U.S. Supreme Court.〔 〕 ''Northerner'' sailed for the last time from San Francisco with 108 persons on board at the time of the wreck, 58 passengers and 53 crew. The ship hit a submerged rock and wrecked January 6, 1860 on Centerville Beach, California,〔 a few miles south of the entrance to Humboldt Bay. Thirty-eight people died: 17 were passengers and 21 crew.〔 Seventy others made their way through crashing surf to shore〔 and were aided by local people including Seth Kinman and Augustus Berding.〔 *〕 The Centerville Beach Cross marks the resting place of some of the victims whose bodies were recovered. In December 1863, the U.S. Supreme Court (68 U.S. 682), ruled ''Northerner'' was at fault for steering across the path of the Resolute.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SS Northerner」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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